Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 38 Especificações

1/14/20121Module 0:Sea-Bird ElectronicsSBE 9-11 plus CTD Boot CampSea-Bird Electronics, Inc.Newport, OR Feb. 2012Carol D. Janzen, Ph.D. Physical Ocean

1/14/201210Terms and DefinitionsCommonly UsedTraining MaterialsSpec SheetsCalibration RecordsParameter Reporting DefinitionsPage 10 of 258

26Water Sampler Electrical Problems• SBE 11plus carrier detect LED must be lit and 9plus carrier detect bit must be set• Computer must have a function

27NMEA Box Troubleshooting• Most problems are setup or cable related• Configuring baud rates– Box with firmware version < 3.0• Configure baud rates

28ASIDE: Troubleshooting TSGSBE 45 / 38 / NMEA Box• Most issues are setup related– Baud rates must be configured properly– Box must be in the proper

29Troubleshooting I/O Cable• Perform a loop-back test to test the computer, comm port, and cable• With the I/O cable connected to the computer:– Disco

30Troubleshooting Data Problems• There are only two ways you can ruin your data:– Deleting your .dat or .hex file– Opening and then saving your .dat f

31Data Scan Mismatch• The SBE 9plus has varying scan length, because unused voltage or frequency channels can be suppressed• However, Seasave and Data

32Troubleshooting Activity• What is wrong with this instrument?Page 106 of 258

33Troubleshooting Activity• Use Seasave to examine data in C:\Data\Module15\Cast1\BadCast1.dat– Use BadCast1.con– Plot display: P 0..6000, T 0..10, S

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1/14/20121Module 4:Best PracticesCollecting Quality CTD Profiles and Water SamplesSea-Bird Electronics, Inc.Newport, OR Feb. 2012Carol D. Janzen, Ph.D

1/14/201211Terminology• Time Constant (response time) – time to reach 63% of step input change• Sampling frequency or Sample rate – number of measurem

1/14/20122Best Practices:Collecting good CTD Profiles and Water Samples• Understanding how your sensors work– Response times and drift characteristics

1/14/20123Sensor Components• Device that allows a physical characteristic of environment to be converted into an electrical signal• Composed of:– Acti

1/14/20124Ideal Sensor vs. What you get• Perfection:– Reacts to only one physical characteristic of environment– Has a response to physical characteri

1/14/20125Characteristic of all sensors is their response time• Sensor response to a step change in their environment is termed their time constant– S

1/14/20126Typical Response Time Curve for a SensorIn this case, and SBE 3 (Temperature)Page 114 of 258

1/14/20127Conductivity Sensors Measure Resistance of Water• Volume in the cell acts as the resistor– Length/Area = constant– Measure conductivity dire

1/14/20128SBE Conductivity Cells Easier to ControlBecause of Zero External Field• Outer electrodes are connected together so no voltage difference exi

1/14/20129Response of SBE 43 DO Flow DependentBoundary layer near sensor when pump turns onBoundary Layer Thins Steady StatePump StartsPage 117 of 258

1/14/201210SBE 43 Sensor Response• blah1.51.71.92.12.32.52.72.93.13.33.50 50 100 150 200 250 300SecondsSBE43 Output VoltagePump OffLow oxygen Layer Bu

1/14/201211Pressure• Step changes in pressure not typically seen in the ocean environment• Pressure sensor time constant is not an issue• Sensors are

1/14/201212Reporting Temperature Application Note 42• Output and Report Temperature in ITS-90– Calibration Reports show both sets of coeff.• Use IPTS-

1/14/201212Temperature Effect on PressurePT~ 2.5 hoursWarm to coldUp to 5 hoursCold to WarmIf the CTD is brought up from very cold depth, it can take

1/14/201213Drift In SBE Sensors• Temperature and Pressure sensors tend to drift in offset– Due mostly to aging ~0.001°C per year for SBE 3 temperature

1/14/201214Example of Offset DriftSBE 3 Temperature Calibration History<0.000625 deg C / YearSBE 3 Factory Specification < 0.001 deg C/yrMk Chan

1/14/201215Example of Offset DriftSBE 9+ Digiquartz Pressure Sensor8 Year Calibration History< 0.32 dbar/yearPage 123 of 258

1/14/201216Example of Slope Drift SBE 4 9-Year Calibration History < -0.003 psu9 Years of CalibrationIndicates sensor drift at 3 S/m ≤ 0.0003

1/14/201217Example of Slope DriftSBE 43 Dissolved O2Sensor Drift < 1.5% per year normal for healthy sensorPage 125 of 258

1/14/201218Factory Calibration BathsSBE 4 Calibration BathWater sampler on right takes a water sample at every calibration pointSBE 3 Calibration Bath

1/14/201219Sea-Bird Calibration Bath Operations• Place sensors in a precisely controlled temperature environment – T, C, and DO baths– Temperature mea

1/14/201220Calibration EquationsPre and Post CalibrationsDenoting drift in millidegreesResiduals = instrument T - bath TIPTS 68 coefficientsIT90coeffi

1/14/201221Pressure Sensor Calibrations• Digiquartz sensors are supplied by Paroscientificwith coefficients derived from a calibration performed over

1/14/201213Reporting Salinity• Output, report and archive Practical Salinity• Practical Salinity Scale 1978 (App-Note 14)– Adopted by UNESCO in Janua

1/14/201222For You to DoKeeping Track of Pressure Offsets in the Lab or Field• Physically locate the instrument in the orientation that it will have w

1/14/201223Track the Drift of SBE 9plusPressure Offset with Time-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-10December-88May-90September-91January-93June-94October-95March-97July-

1/14/201224How to Measure Pressure Offset in the Lab Using a Barometer• With offset in .con or .xmlcon file set to 0.0, pressure measured by CTD shoul

1/14/201225Entering Pressure Offset in the CON or XMLCON File• Pressure offset is entered with the calibration coefficients• Adjust your CON (XMLCON)

1/14/201226Profiling and Water SamplingBest Practices•How long to soak before profiling• How long to soak before firing water bottles closed• Precauti

1/14/201227• Always allow CTD to soak at the surface before a profile– Purge air from plumbing before pumps turn on• SBE 9+ allows you to turn on CTD

1/14/201228Deploying in Very Cold Places• Glass conductivity cell is subject to breakage due to water freezing in cell• Remove all water from conducti

1/14/201229Data Artifacts Caused by the Underwater Package• Ship heave causes underwater package to loop through water• Accelerations and deceleration

1/14/201230Other Sources of Measurement MisalignmentThe CTD samples sensors uniformly in time, but unducted sensors arrive at corresponding structure

1/14/201231Optimize Sample Rate and Descent Speed• Capture data at 24 Hz for best correction of salinity spiking error• Use a higher drop speed (1.0-1

1/14/201214SBEDataProcessing SoftwareSeawater Calculator: SeaCalc IIPage 14 of 258

1/14/201232Note position of Bottles with respect to the CTD sensorsCTD SensorsMiddle of BottleSampleHolding timeBefore Firing bottles ClosedFlush time

1/14/201233Profile showing spiking of data due to drop speed variationExample here had a drop speed average of 0.5 m/s-Wire Lowered-Calm ConditionsR/V

1/14/201234Example of Ship Heave EffectsWith and Without the pump onPump On, reducing effect of ship heavePump Off, heave apparent in all data, and DO

1/14/201235Making Independent Comparisons with Discrete Water Samples• Take water samples in parts of water column where change in parameter of intere

1/14/201236Collect water in regions where conditions are not changing TCDOPage 144 of 258

1/14/201237Variability in the surface layer can cause poor agreement with surface CTD measurementsL. Tupas, et al., Hawaii Ocean Time Series Data Repo

1/14/201238Why bottle samples do not always match CTD data• Tracking sensor accuracy is goal• Problems can arise– Position of Niskin bottle on frame w

1/14/201239How to Check Niskin Bottles for Leaks• Bottle/CTD comparisons bad at one or few depths• Run underwater package down deep to nice, uniform w

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1/14/20121Module 5:Basic Maintenance of Sea-Bird EquipmentSea-Bird Electronics, Inc.Newport, OR Feb. 2012Carol D. Janzen, Ph.D. Physical Oceanography

1/14/20121Module 1:Hardware Setup and CTD ConfigurationWater Samplers Cabling DeploymentSea-Bird Electronics, Inc.Newport, OR Feb. 2012Carol D. Janzen

1/14/20122Annual Preventive Maintenance• Inspect all cables and connectors.– Replace as required (usually good for up to 5 years).• Inspect all anodes

1/14/20123Re-Lubricating Hardware• Place DC4 in the screw hole to fill the blind end of the hole.– This prevents sea water from filling the space and

1/14/20124Hardware Lubrication • When installing hardware in titanium housings:– DC4 -- No Blue Moly -- Yes• When installing hardware in pla

1/14/20125Handling Opened Instruments• All electronics have varying levels of ESD susceptibility.• When handling any electronics, observe ESD precauti

1/14/20126O-Rings• Inspect and replace O-rings that are accessed frequently with regularity.– For example, battery end cap O-rings.• Replace O-rings t

1/14/20127Types of O-Ring Seals used by SBE• Axial or face seal• Radial or piston seal• We use both seals in most of our instruments• We also use L-se

1/14/20128• Axial and piston seals are usually installed in conjunction with one another.• Other instruments use dual piston seals.• Some instruments

1/14/20129Open the Instrument• Disassemble the instrument in accordance with the manual instructions.• Remove the O-rings that are being replaced.– Do

1/14/201210Cleaning O-Ring Surfaces• Use Kimwipes or the equivalent when cleaning O-ring sealing surfaces and O-rings.– Kimwipes are a low-lint wipe.•

1/14/201211Inspect the New Seal• Visually inspect the seal in good light for any flaws or imperfections.• Also inspect by feel.– Perform the feel insp

1/14/20122SBE 9 -11 PlusProfiling CTD SystemPage 16 of 258

1/14/201212Foreign MatterForeign MatterVoids and IndentationsVoids and IndentationsParting Line FlashParting Line FlashFlow MarksFlow MarksFlaws to Lo

1/14/201213Proper O-Ring Lubrication• SBE uses ONLYParkerSuper O-Lube for lubrication of O-rings that we install.• The KEYto proper application is to

1/14/201214Applying the Lubricant• Apply a thincontinuous film of lubricant over the entire O-ring surface by running it through your fingers, checkin

1/14/201215Lubricate the Housing• Inspect the housing O-ring surface.• Apply a lightcoating of Parker O-ring lube.• This prevents the O-ring from bind

1/14/201216Closing the Instrument• Replace or re-condition the desiccant bag.• Back-fill the instrument with a dry gas if possible (for example, dry N

1/14/201217Pump Maintenance• The pump drive motor is magnetically coupled to the impeller.• The shaft has an upper and lower thrust washer, with the i

1/14/201218Pump Impeller• Periodically inspect the impeller thrust washers and the pump impeller housing.• Replace the thrust washers and impeller ret

1/14/201219What if the Pump isn’t Running?• The pump impeller can become bound by sand, sediment, and salt crystals.• If the pump is not running, remo

1/14/201220Emergency Maintenance• Replacing a damaged bulkhead connector is the most common emergency.• Re-wiring of CTD connectors is difficult. We r

1/14/201221What to Expect Inside -- SBE 9plusBottom End Cap Wiring Top End Cap WiringPage 169 of 258

1/14/20123System Diagram for Real-Time ProfilingTPCSBE 9plus(no memory)Computersingle conductor sea cableSBE 11plusDeck UnitWinch &slip ringReal-T

1/14/201222If you Decide to Replace a Connector• Remember to observe ESD precautions.• After removing the damaged connector, remove all LocTite®residu

1/14/201223Connector Installation• Connectors installed at SBE are installed using LocTite® 242 (Blue).• This LocTite® is service removable, but when

1/14/201224Install Connector O-Ring• Lightly lubricate the connector O-ring groove.• Inspect and lubricate the connector O-ring.• Install the connecto

1/14/201225Install Connector• Apply LocTite® 242 (Blue) to ONLY the bottom two threads of the connector.Page 173 of 258

1/14/201226Install Connector• Check one last timefor any foreign matter that may get caught under the O-ring.• Feed the wires through and install the

1/14/201227Incorrect use of LocTite® • Excess LocTite® on the connector shank will cause the LocTite® to overflow the threaded hole of the end cap, a

1/14/201228Excessive Use of LocTite® • No LocTite® should overflow the threaded hole. If this occurs:– Remove the connector, – Clean the connector an

1/14/201229Final Connector Tightening• Use a socket installed on a Torque Wrench (if available) for final tightening of the connector.Page 177 of 258

1/14/201230Torque SpecificationsConnector Torque2-pin Impulse 18 in-lbs3-pin Impulse 18 in-lbs4-pin Impulse 18 in-lbs6-pin Impulse 15 in-lbsMCBH (all

1/14/20121Module 6:Data Post ProcessingSea-Bird Electronics, Inc.Newport, OR Feb. 2012Carol D. Janzen, Ph.D. Physical OceanographyDavid Murphy, M.S. E

1/14/20124SBE 9plus / 11plus Data Channel• Transmission rated for up to 10 km of sea cable• Each data scan is 30 bytes, transmitted at 24 times per se

1/14/20122After Data CollectionConverting Data to Engineering UnitsData ConversionConvert raw data, creating .cnv file that can be used by Sea-Bird’s

1/14/20123Extracting CTD Data with Data Conversion• You may create a .cnvand/or a .ros file• The source of the data is your .hex or .dat file• The ind

1/14/20124Specifying How Much Data Per Bottle Closure• Data extraction is referenced to the time of closure• Scan range offset is how many seconds bef

1/14/20125Summarizing and Tabulating Data• Bottle Summary module creates a table of averages and standard deviations from data in .ros file– .ros file

1/14/20126Bottle Summary• Variables created by Data Conversion may be selected for inclusion in the .btl filePage 184 of 258

1/14/20127Bottle Summary, Deriving Parameters• Parameters derived from the averages may be added to the .btl listPage 185 of 258

1/14/20128Activity: Create .ros and .btl Files• Use SBE Data Processing to convert data from an SBE 9plus and create bottle files; see notes for instr

1/14/20129Example of Converted Data Using Sea PlotF T SBeam AttenuationPage 187 of 258

1/14/201210Example of Converted data in a TS PlotPage 188 of 258

1/14/201211Plot to Identify Modulo ErrorsPage 189 of 258

1/14/20125SBE 9plus / 11plusWater Sampler Channel• Channel is 300 bps, 8 data bits, 1 stop; water sampler commands are transmitted with 8th bit set•

1/14/201212Brief Overview of Data Processing for Use in Troubleshooting• Sensor alignment, matching measurements of same water parcel– TC alignment co

1/14/201213Description of Key SBEDataProcessing Modules• DATCNV converts data from hexi-decimal to scientific units • WILDEDIT or MEDIAN FILTER to rem

1/14/201214Recommended Default SBE 9 plusData Processing Parameters• DATCNV (Module 1)– Output up and downcasts of all parameters of interest. Only p

1/14/201215Options in DATCNV:Enabling Tau & Hysteresis Corrections for Oxygen • Weather to enable or disable tau for oxygen– This term is introduc

1/14/201216Examples of Deep Ocean Hysteresis1000.02000.03000.04000.05000.06000.0180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260Dissolved Oxygen (micromoles/liter)

1/14/201217Dissolved O2Deep-Ocean HysteresisThese must be in CON file for Hysteresis Corrections to workCheck these boxes to enable Tau and Hysteresis

1/14/201218Activity: Practice running Data Conversion on Raw Data File• Use the file C:/Data/Module9/AlignC/Faroe.dat– For the configuration file, use

1/14/201219Gaps in Data and Modulo Errors• The Modulo errors indicate that there is a gap in the time series– A minimum gap of 1 point– Because of the

1/14/201220Tools for Looking for Size of Modulo Error Gaps• Plot Modulo Error against time (select Time Elapsed (secs) in DATACNV• In SEASAVE, select

1/14/201221• # name 11 = flC: Fluorescence, Chelsea Aqua 3 Chl Con [ug/l]• # name 12 = par: PAR/Irradiance, Biospherical/Licor• # name 13 = spar: SPAR

1/14/20122IntroductionsPage 2 of 258

1/14/20126SBE 9plus Frequency Counters•24-bit signal acquisition for T, C, and P• Resolution in terms of degrees C / bit or Siemens/meter/bit depend o

1/14/2012223534 147.208 123.004 17.4613 17.4613 5.046168 5.046238 3.0171 5.27707 0.6013 86.0424 0.1632 2.6525e-02 5.

1/14/201223Plot Modulo Error (11)Can see if on both down and up cast Down CastUp CastT OxvoltModuloErrorPage 201 of 258

1/14/201224Plot against TimeTOxvoltModuloErrorPage 202 of 258

1/14/201225Filtering Converted Data• Filtering is used to remove digital noise from data (pressure mainly)– Need to do on P data prior to running Loo

1/14/201226Derived Dependent Quantities vs.Raw Independent Quantities• Salinity and Oxygen are computed quantities– Dependent variables• For successfu

1/14/201227The Challenge: To get good salinity with only 10% of the signal• The electrical measurement of conductivity– 90% of the signal from temper

1/14/201228Data Misalignment in CTD Data That Causes Salinity Spiking1. Sensors (T and C) not seeing same water parcel– All SBE CTDs T and C are ducte

1/14/201229Examples of Lags and Leads in T and C Alignment and Effect on Computed Salinity• Evidence of bad alignments seen in salinity spikes and den

1/14/201230Example of how the TC Duct Helps Alignment of T and C DataSBE 9+ Ducted Data (Raw Data)No alignmentSBE 9+ Ducted Data Aligned DataPage 208

1/14/201231Manipulating Data to Remove MisalignmentPost Processing• An alignment on T and C is done automatically in the 11plus• Alignment can change

1/14/20127SBE 9plus Voltage Channels•0 - 5V signal input, 12-bit A/D• Each bit = 0.0012V• Each of 8 channels has a 5.5 Hz low pass filter on input, al

1/14/201232Example of Different Alignments of T and C70067565062560057555052550034.750 34.775 34.800 34.825 34.850 34.875 34.900 34.925 34.95027.900 2

1/14/201233Dissolved O2Alignment• Sensor time constant ~ 2 - 5 secs– temperature dependent• Plumbing delay from T and C < 2 secs, depending on lo

1/14/201234Mismatch down-up Cast Data in Dissolved Oxygen ProfilesThat Might Not be Alignment Issue100908070605040302010017.5 20.0 22.5 25.0 27.5 30.0

1/14/201235Activity: Align DO Data• Data Conversion:– Use C:\Data\Module9\AlignDO\GulfMex.dat and GulfMex.con– Convert upcast and downcast– Output P,

1/14/201236Dissolved Oxygen Advanced 0, 2, 4, 6 Seconds Relative to PressureWaterfall PlotPage 214 of 258

1/14/201237Effect of Conductivity Cell Thermal Mass on Computed Salinity Values• Glass conductivity cell stores heat• A warm cell warms water moving t

1/14/201238Thermal mass errors scale with the velocity of the flow through the cell• α parameter scales the amplitude of the error ~3% of ∆T for SBE 9

1/14/201239Cell Thermal Mass ExampleObserved as Mismatch BetweenUp and Down CastsTSDowncastUpcastPage 217 of 258

1/14/201240Removing the Effect of Conductivity Cell Thermal MassCorrects Conductivity BEFORE computing SalinityAgain, SBE recommendsdefault settings f

1/14/201241SBE 9+ Salinitywith and without CTMGreen Salinity processed with CTM correctionBlack Salinity unprocessedCorresponding Temperature (green)

1/14/20128End CapsTop End Cap Bottom End CapPage 22 of 258

1/14/201242Editing non-Oceanic, Deployment Related Signals• Ship Heave – Flag scan lines of data where yo yo-ing of the CTD occurred during deployment

1/14/201243Distinguishing betweenShip Heave or TC AlignmentT C mismatchship heaveSSigma-tDescent ratePlotting dz/dt (descent rate computed in DATCNV o

1/14/201244Ship Heave EffectsT SDescent rateT SDescentrateEnlargement of plot at leftPage 222 of 258

1/14/201245Removing Package-Induced Data Artifacts• Data errors introduced this way must be omitted; there is no fix• Loop Edit FLAGS Scan Lines with

1/14/201246Activity: Remove Loops• Data Conversion: – Use C:\Data\Module9\Loop\AArctic.dat and .con– Downcast only– Time, pressure, temperature, and d

1/14/201247Removing Package-Induced Data Artifacts, Loop EditOriginalEdit by % mean speed (20%)Edit by fixed speed (.25m/s)Page 225 of 258

1/14/201248DERIVEDependent Variables• Dependent Variables– Salinity, density, dissolved oxygen concentrations, oxygen saturation, etc.• Once DERIVE is

1/14/201249Bin Averaging• Reduces size of a data set by statistically estimating data values at even intervals (e.g., every meter or 10 meters)• Can w

1/14/201250Bin Average: Output Data# binavg_bintype = meters# binavg_binsize = 1# binavg_excl_bad_scans = yes# binavg_skipover = 0# binavg_surface_bin

1/14/201251Data Processing Tips• Best data is collected at highest rate instrument is capable of• Data should not be reprocessed– Do not run align on

1/14/20129Core SensorsConductivity, Temperature, Pressure• Depth is derived from a pressure sensor– Pressure sensor is typically internal to the main

1/14/201252Assess Quality of data by comparing to other standards• Quality assessment using redundant measurements or unreasonable data signals– Prima

1/14/201253• Obtain specific types of CTD data for diagnostic checks of data quality (covered later)– Turn CTD on deck with pumps off to take on-deck

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1/16/20121Module 7:Care and MaintenanceSea-Bird Electronics, Inc.Newport, OR Feb. 2012Carol D. Janzen, Ph.D. Physical OceanographyDavid Murphy, M.S. E

1/16/20122Pre-Cruise Equipment Checks• Helps to prevent last minute problems that can delay or impact a cruise• Especially important if you are not th

1/16/20123What should be checked?(Recommendations)• All connectors and cabling• All hardware/fasteners, mount clamps, and blocks• Ferrites – Inductive

1/16/20124Check Connectors• Disconnect each cable or dummy plug one at a time.– Inspect each exposed connector for corroded or damaged pins.– Make sur

1/16/20125Check Cabling• Inspect each cable boot or dummy plug for corrosion.• Check the cable for cracks and abrasions in its outer jacket.Page 237 o

1/16/20126Re-Install Cables and Dummy Plugs• Clean and re-lubricate connector boots, dummy plugs, and connectors.– Clean with Kimwipes or other lint f

1/16/20127Proper Installation Technique• Clean and very lightly lubricate the connector body and cable boot with DC4. • Align the pins and press the c

1/14/201210The SBE 43 is DO Clark Type SensorSea-Bird SensorWithout Plenum Housing15 mmPage 24 of 258

1/16/20128Check the External Hardware• Check that all external hardware, mounting bolts, mount straps, and cage clamps are tight.– Check for cracked m

1/16/20129Inspect the Instrument’s Plumbing• Plumbing should be clean and free of salt and biological deposits.– Clean/replace as necessary.• Ensure t

1/16/201210Instruments with Pressure• Verify that the pressure port is adequately filled with oil and that the pressure port is not blocked by salt bu

1/16/201211Verify the Functionality • Establish communications with the instrument.• If possible, use the same computer that will be used on the cruis

1/16/201212Record Some Data• Log and check some data. • A clean garbage can full of water is a good way to do this, but it can also be done in air.• V

1/16/201213Prepare the Instrument for Shipping• Make sure the instrument is dry.– See App Note 2D for conductivity cell care.– See App Note 64 for dis

1/16/201214Tools & Spare PartsSome factors in deciding what spares you need or want to take on a cruise:• Your level of expertise / What level of

1/16/201215• Box and open-ended wrench set• Allan wrench set• Assorted screwdrivers• Nut-drivers• Cutters • Pliers• Crescent wrench (medium)• Solderin

1/16/201216• O-rings• Tygon® tubing • Set(s) of cables• Full set(s) of spare dummy plugs• Mount straps / blocks• Water sampler latch assembly• Deck Un

1/16/201217• Spare batteries• 1 L pre-mixed Triton X-100 solution, 0.1%• 500 mL pre-mixed Triton X-100 solution, 1% - 2% • 1 L pre-mixed Bleach soluti

1/14/201211Digiquartz Pressure SensorsSBE 9+ CTDs• Digiquartz Bourdon tube transforms pressure to force• Connected to environment through a capillary

1/16/201218Instrument Care and Maintenance During the Cruise• Keep the instrument as protected as possible during transit.• If it must be stored on de

1/16/201219First Cast of the Day• Wet the conductivity cell in accordance with Application Note 2D, approximately 1 hour before the cast.• Before taki

1/16/201220After / Between Casts• Rinse the equipment thoroughly with fresh water.– On some vessels the amount of fresh water available for wash-down

1/16/201221SBE 32 CarouselWater Sampler Care• Proper care and maintenance of the latch assemblies will help ensure reliable operation.– Never use any

1/16/201222Flooded Instruments• While instrument flooding is rare, it does happen from time to time.• A flooded instrument can be under extreme pressu

1/16/201223Releasing the Pressure• If the instrument is pressurized, the pressure can be released by backing off one of the installed I/O connectors s

1/16/201224What to Do with the Instrument if Flooded• Pour out any water inside the housing.• Return the instrument to SBE for evaluation.• Advise Sea

1/16/201225Post-Cruise Maintenance• Profiling instruments– Soak the instruments in a clean garbage can full of fresh water. This will help remove / di

1/16/201226After Cleaning• Allow the instrument to dry.• Open the battery compartment and remove any exhausted batteries.– If the instrument is going

1/14/201212SBE 17plus V2:Autonomous SamplingBack Up• SBE 17plus V2 provides memory and power for SBE 9plus, has – 16 Mb of nonvolatile memory, support

1/14/201213Cabling the 9plus to the 11plus• Use #20 twisted pair or coax to cable between SBE 11plus and winch• Seacable is typically single or multi-

1/14/201214Cabling the 9plus to the 11plus~220 VDCNot RecommendedCablingWinchSBE 11plusCoax or twisted pairCenter conductor (power + data)Chassis conn

1/14/201215What is a Slip Ring?Page 29 of 258

1/14/20123At the end of this course, we will have covered• Setup, Configuration and Real Time Sampling with the SBE 9-11 plusCTD System- Review of SEA

1/14/201216Configure Sensors and CTD Hardware for Clean Data Collection• Understanding how the CTD samples• Insure that sensors sample the same water–

1/14/201217SBE 9+ CTD Sample Scheme• SBE 9plus measures C, T, and P simultaneously• Can sample as fast as 24 Hz– Recommend to sample at maximum rate–

1/14/201218Plumbing for Success• Sea-Bird conductivity cells and oxygen plenums rely on water passing through them, usually via a pump• Pump is magnet

1/14/201219Coupling T and C Measurements using the TC Duct• Deliberate sampling of the water column at the location of the intake of the pipe • Water

1/14/201220Connecting the TC DuctHow TC Duct should lookWhen it is connected correctlyThis TC Duct is disconnectedConductivity cell will not get flowI

1/14/201221Plumbing for SuccessY Fitting DetailVinyl TubingVinyl TubingAir release valvePage 35 of 258

1/14/201222Bernoulli Balanced PlumbingWe plumb so that the intake and exhaust of the plumbed system are flush (balanced). Controls flow on descent of

1/14/201223Plumbing for SuccessTemperature sensorConductivity sensorPump (vertically above DO outlet)DO sensor (vertically above T & C outlet)Viny

1/14/201224Horizontal MountPage 38 of 258

1/14/201225SBE 9+ CTD Mounting on a Carousel• An SBE 9plus CTD that is deployed with the Carousel shown mounted in a horizontal position • This provid

1/14/20124Sea-Bird ResourcesBrief Web TourBoot Camp PDF - BookletSBE Training PDF - Manual Data ExercisesSoftwarePage 4 of 258

1/14/201226Make a Neat Underwater Package• Cable tie or tape all loose cabling to frame of package– Loose cables flap as package rises or drops, resul

1/14/201227Carousel and ECO Maintenance• Wash with fresh water after each use– Tiodized trigger surface is water lubricated• Oil will gum triggers• Re

1/14/201228How Do I Make the Wet End Connection?Page 42 of 258

1/14/201229Mating Habits of Underwater ConnectorsNote bulge due to entrapped airSlide hand toward end cap to burp airLubricate molded ridge on bulkhea

1/14/201230When Underwater Connectors Go BadPage 44 of 258

1/14/20121Module 2SEASAVE Data Acquisition SoftwareSetup and ConfigurationSea-Bird Electronics, Inc.Newport, OR Feb. 2012Carol D. Janzen, Ph.D. Physic

1/14/20122Real-Time Data — Seasave• Instrument configuration– What kind of instrument– How many sensors– What type of sensors– Communication issues• W

1/14/20123Setup Parameters Stored in Configuration (.con or .xmlcon) File• Configuration data and calibration coefficients for sensors are stored in t

1/14/20124Seasave Instrument ConfigurationPage 48 of 258

1/14/20125Examining the Configuration FilePage 49 of 258

1/14/20125Sea-Bird Websitewww.seabird.com• Manuals: – Instrument and Software manuals – upload free from online• 98+ Application Notes, by topic, sens

1/14/20126Default Display for SeasaveTo modify, right click on the display you want to change.Page 50 of 258

1/14/20127Archived Data DialogReduces data resolution of viewed profile onlySlows down the playback soyou can watch for changeseasierPage 51 of 258

1/14/20128Activity: Display an Archived Data File from an SBE 9-11• Use Seasave to display the some SBE 9-11 CTD data– GO to Data folder (i.e., F:/Dat

1/14/20129Things to Configure for Real-Time Data CollectionConfigure Inputs• Instrument configuration (.con file) – discussed already • Serial ports –

1/14/201210Serial Ports• Define up to 5 ports:– Communicate with CTD (required)– Communicate with water sampler and/or CTD for pump control (9plus mus

1/14/201211Real-Time Water Sampling• Water sampler configuration– Type: SBE 32 Carousel, GO 1015, GO 1016 • Bottle closure protocol– Sequential– User

1/14/201212TCP/IP Ports• Connect hosts over ship’s networks– Communicate with water sampler– Output data to TCP/IP port• Define in Configure Inputs or

1/14/201213Miscellaneous• These parameters are needed to calculate specific variables• Entries are used only if outputting associated variable to disp

1/14/201214Serial Data Output• Selected text data can be sent from computer running Seasave to another computer, in ASCII or in XML formatPage 58 of 2

1/14/201215Shared File Output• Selected text data can be sent to a file, in ASCII or in XML format• Allows for output data into a shared file director

1/14/20126Application Notes•Instrument Configuration•Data Corrections•Troubleshooting•Other relevant topics Page 6 of 258

1/14/201216Mark Variable Selection• Mark variables are placed onto real-time plot when Mark Scan is clicked– Used to annotate plot at points of intere

1/14/201217TCP/IP Output• Selected text data can be sent from computer running Seasave to another location on shipboard network in ASCII or in XML for

1/14/201218SBE 11plus Alarms• Alarm (11plus makes an irritating noise to notify you)– Pressure --minimum and/or maximum– Altimeter– Bottom contact swi

1/14/201219SBE 14 Remote Display• Remote display variables are transmitted to an SBE 14 in a remote location (i.e., bridge)• Also has alarm based on p

1/14/201220Remote Display Cabling and CommunicationCTD / Deck UnitComputerSBE 14 Remote DisplaySBE 11plusDeck UnitSBE 14 Remote DisplayCTD ChannelWat

1/14/201221PC Alarms• Set up alarms in your computer– alarm based on pressure, altimeter, and/or bottom contact switch dataPage 65 of 258

1/14/201222Cast Headers• Header form and prompts– Information that is appended to beginning of data saved to file– Operator may select prompts appropr

1/14/201223Saving Your Setup• Data collection parameters and display setup parameters may be saved in a file with a name of your choosing, with a .psa

1/14/201224Acquiring Real-Time DataPage 68 of 258

1/14/201225What Files Does Seasave Create?Always• Data file, .hex (ASCII representation of binary)• Header file, .hdr• Configuration file, .con or .xm

1/14/20127FAQsFrequently Asked QuestionsEXAMPLES of General instrument questionsHow do instruments that can be internally or externally powered handle

1/14/201226Header Files: .hdr• Lines beginning with:– * have information from raw data file– ** have user-input header information– *END* flags end of

1/14/201227Mark Files: .mrk• Contains 1 data scan for each time Mark Scan button is clicked (variables set up on Mark Variables tab of Configure Outpu

1/14/201228Bottle Data File: .bl• Created when water sampling is enabled• Contains bottle fire sequence number and position, date and time, and beginn

1/14/201229• Inspect data routinely by converting to scientific units (or output as such in SEASAVE)– Be sure correct CON file with the correct sensor

Page 74 of 258

1Module 3:TroubleshootingReal-time systemsSBE 911plusCarousel Water SamplerNMEA BoxesSea-Bird Electronics, Inc.Newport, OR Feb. 2012Carol D. Janzen, P

2Troubleshooting: The Basics• The first step is determining which part of the system has the problem:– Do the sensors have valid output?– Is the data

3SBE 9/11plus System DiagramSBE11PLUSFLOW OF DATAFLOW OF DATASEACABLE8 CHANNEL ANALOG FILTERS ANDANALOG / DIGITAL CONVERTERS5 FREQUENCYCOUNTERSLOGIC T

4Note about 9/11plus Data Flow• 9plus data is transmitted serially– First are the status bits– Second are the frequency channels– Last are the A/D cha

5SBE 11plus Deck Unit• No lights on the deck unit front panel– Check the main power fuse (2 A slow blow for 120 V and 1A slow blow for 240 V supply).–

1/14/20128Updating Software• Descriptions• Sea-Bird FTP file descriptions• Instructions•Downloading (using your browser) and installing:SEASOFT V2(SBE

6Auxiliary Sensor (0 – 5V analog) Not Working (no signal)• Could be the sensor– Swap sensor for another on a working channel, check deck unit. Note: 4

7Auxiliary Sensor (0 – 5V analog) Not Working (no signal) (continued)• Test the voltage channel with a ‘D’ Cell battery– Referencing the end cap drawi

8Temperature, Conductivity, or Pressure Not Working (no signal)• Check the sensor– Swap the sensor for another on a working channel, check the deck un

9Pump Not Working• Could be the pump– Hook the pump up directly to a 12 VDC power supply, and verify the pump impeller is spinning– Swap the pump out

10Pump Not Working (continued)• Test the pump on deck (standard pump circuitry)– Temporarily connect the primary temperature sensor to the primary con

11Pump Not Working (continued)• Test the pump on deck (water contact pin)– Connect a jumper from the contact pin to one of the end cap screws– Turn th

12Modulo Errors• Modulo errors are normally a symptom of sea cable issues– A modulo error will normally cause a spike in ALL of the sensors installed

13How Can I Tell if My Wet End Termination Needs to be Replaced?• Intermittent data dropouts, error light blinks on deck unit, check modulo errors• Se

14How Do I Know It Isn’t the Slip Ring?• Disconnect 9+ and 11+ deck unit• Connect volt meter to signal wire and sea cable armor; check for small DC vo

15Why Can’t I Use the Ohm Setting on My Multimeter?• You can BUT:– 10 kilometers of cable has capacitance, and when wound on winch spool may have some

1/14/20129Subset of Published Technical Papers and Publications on SBE sensors:Considerations for CTD Spatial and Temporal Resolution on Moving Platfo

16SBE 9/11plus CommunicationWATERSAMPLERMODEMDATARECEIVERCPU, GPS(NMEA)INTERFACE,PARSBE 9plusCAROUSELGPSRECEIVERSEA CABLE DATACAROUSELPOWERAND CONTROL

17SBE 11plus Fish/Tape Switch•Fish/tape switch– If the fish/tape switch is accidentally moved to the tape position, the display will show all 0’sPage

18SBE 11plus Deck Unit Communications• Baud Rates– Normally 19200 baud from the computer to the deck unit– Modem channel is 300 baud from the computer

19SBE 11plus Deck Unit, No Communication with Computer• Green Computer Interface Receive LED does not flash– Check cable– Check serial port– Wrong int

20SBE 11plus Keeps Blowing Fuses•Main power fuse– If the main power fuse continues to blow when the deck unit is powered on and the sea cable is not c

21Troubleshooting NMEA Interface• Navigational data must be in the proper format, NMEA 0183• It must transmit at the proper speed, 4800 baud (9600 als

22Connecting the GPS into theSBE 11plus BoxPage 96 of 258

23NMEA Simulation• Sea-Bird provides a simulation program that you can run on a second computer or on the same computer if the computer has a spare CO

24Capture Some Data for Comparison•Cable your computer to your GPS• Use Seaterm to check the transmit speed, data bits, etc.• Use Seaterm to capture s

25Water Sampler Physical Problems• Soak triggers in soap and water• Never lubricate triggers• Check 3 screws holding trigger assembly to pylon for ove